As you build your college list, you'll encounter different application deadlines: Early Decision (ED), Early Action (EA), and Regular Decision. Applying early can be a great strategy, but it's crucial to understand the difference between ED and EA, as they involve very different levels of commitment.
This guide will break down the pros and cons of each to help you make a strategic choice.
Early Decision (ED)
- What it is: Early Decision is a binding agreement. If you apply ED to a college and are accepted, you are committed to attending that school and must withdraw all other applications. You can only apply to one school ED.
- The Pros:
- Increased Acceptance Rate: The primary advantage of ED is that it often gives you a statistical boost in admissions. Colleges love ED applicants because it helps them lock in their class and protect their yield rate.
- Reduces Stress: If you're accepted, your college search is over in December! You can relax and enjoy the rest of your senior year.
- The Cons:
- It's Binding: This is the biggest drawback. You cannot change your mind.
- No Comparing Financial Aid Offers: Because you're committed before you see any other offers, you lose all leverage to negotiate financial aid. If the aid package from your ED school isn't enough, you may be in a very difficult position. You should only apply ED if you are certain your family can afford the school, based on its Net Price Calculator. For more on this, see our guide to financial aid.
- Who should apply ED? You should only apply ED if you have a clear first-choice school, you've done extensive research (including visiting if possible), and you are confident it's a good financial fit for your family.
Early Action (EA)
- What it is: Early Action is a non-binding option. You apply early (usually by November 1 or 15) and receive a decision early (usually in December or January), but you are not required to attend if accepted. You can apply to multiple schools EA.
- The Pros:
- Get an Early Answer: You can get good news early, which reduces uncertainty.
- Still Compare Offers: Since it's non-binding, you have until the regular May 1 deadline to compare financial aid packages and make your final decision.
- Shows Interest: Applying EA is still a great way to show a college they are high on your list, a key component of demonstrated interest.
- The Cons:
- Acceptance Boost is Smaller: While it can provide a slight advantage over Regular Decision, the boost is not as significant as with ED.
- Requires Early Preparation: You need to have your application, essays, and recommendations ready several months earlier than the regular deadline.
Should You Apply Early?
For most students who are organized and have their materials ready, applying Early Action is a great strategy with little downside.
Applying Early Decision is a much more serious commitment. It should be reserved for the one school you would attend above all others, provided the finances make sense. Don't be swayed by the acceptance rate boost alone; make sure it's the right personal, academic, and financial fit for you.